In the conclusion part, the writer looks at two points of view, i.e. Thus, the formulation of the problem in this paper is what and how the definition of nafs, positions and characteristics of the nafs in Sufi Psychology and the level of nafs in the Sufi Psychology perspective of Robert Frager. In his book of Sufi Psychology, he asserts that Sufism is a very holistic approach for it integrates physical, psychic and spirit and underlines that Sufism is a spiritual discipline for all people without class and caste. Starting from a comparative review or even equating between Western Psychology and Sufism, Robert Frager, a psychologist as well as a sheikh, in his book also speaks of the same term (nafs). In this case, of course the term 'nafs' acts as a bridge to combine the two. These two opposing substances in principle need each other. The same thing is also a part of Islamic studies of tasawuf or sufism, personality (akhlak) involves two substances namely the body and spirit. Broadly speaking, the moving soul that blends with the body forms a name called 'self / I' or in a 'personality' concept. In psychology, the human body can function or act when the soul is able to move it in the form of motive.

Namun demikian dalam tulisannya Robert Frager belum menyinggung hirarki kebutuhan yang diprakarsai Abraham Maslow ,terutama tingkat aktualisasi diri.The main object of psychology study is the human being as a wealth of body and soul. Dalam sudut pandang sufisme, Robert Frager telah melakukan pengembangan dari konsep nafs yang telah dirumuskan al-Ghazali maupun al-Hifni. Dalam bagian kesimpulan, penulis menilik pada dua sudut pandang, yaitu sudut perkembangan nafs secara tasawuf dan mengkritisi aspek psikologis yang digunakan Robert Frager. Dengan demikian, rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini ialah apa dan bagaimana definisi nafs, posisi dan karakteristik nafs dalam Psikologi Sufi dan tingkatan nafs dalam Psikologi Sufi perspektif Robert Frager. Dalam buku Psikologi sufi yang ia tulis, ia mengaskan bahwa tasawuf adalah pendekatan yang sangat holisik (mengintegasikan antara fisik, psikis dan spirit) dan memahamkan bahwa tasawuf adalah disiplin spiritual bagi semua orang tanpa kelas dan kasta. Berawal dari ulasan komparatif atau bahkan menyamakan antara Psikologi Barat dan Tasawuf, Robert Frager (seorang psikolog sekaligus syekh) dalam dalam bukunya juga membicarakan term yang sama (nafs). Dalam hal ini tentu saja term вЂњnafsвЂќ merupakan jembatan untuk memadukan keduanya.

Dua substansi yang saling berlawanan ini pada prinsipnya saling membutuhkan. Hal senada juga menjadi bagian dalam kajian Islam (tasawuf/sufisme), kepribdian (akhlak) melibatkan dua substansi yaitu jasad dan ruh. Secara garis besar, jiwa bergerak yang berpadu dengan raga membentuk sebuah nama вЂњdiri/aku (self)вЂќ atau dalam satu konsep вЂњkepribadianвЂќ. Dalam psikologi, raga manusia dapat berfungsi atau beraktifitas ketika jiwa mampu menggerakkannya dalam bentuk motif.

Because according to Bandura, human was the producer and as product of social system.Objek utama kajian psikologi ialah manusia yang terdiri dari jiwa dan raga. It was not because the basic assumption that is owned by this theory that humans have flexibility to learn about different types of behavior in different situation, and humans also have the capacity to control their life. As well as the basic principle of behaviorism theory which regards organism as a controlled side by the rewards and punishments from the environment, he still lacks detail compared by the approach theory he developed more subtle, even significant. Evolution theory believed that the biological factor would not change. The characteristic theory is too focused on consistency of behavior in various situations. Bandura looked at the existence of personality theories such as psychoanalysis, emphasized on the strength of unconsciousness and the influence of childhood. Through BanduraвЂ™s theory developed, the social learning theory or social cognitive more refers to Skinner view about conditioning theory. The various viewpoints of personality experts apparently caused Albert Bandura to develop his investigation focus in psychology.

Buku psikologi kepribadian pdf